Axolotls, with their perpetually smiling faces and unique gills, have captured the hearts of many aquatic pet enthusiasts. While sometimes referred to as “mini” or “dwarf,” it’s important to understand that these terms often describe axolotls that haven’t reached their full potential size, or in rarer cases, have genetic deformities. Regardless of size, providing the correct environment is paramount for the health and well-being of any axolotl. This guide will walk you through the essential aspects of setting up an ideal tank for your axolotl.
Understanding Axolotl Sizes
The term “mini axolotl” often refers to an axolotl that has not grown to the typical adult size of 20-30 cm (8-12 inches). These smaller axolotls, sometimes reaching only 15 cm (6 inches), are usually proportionally smaller due to environmental factors like insufficient nutrition or poor living conditions that stunt their growth.
On the other hand, “dwarf axolotls” are a less common occurrence and are characterized by disproportionate, stunted bodies from a young age. These axolotls often exhibit a short, rounded body and a noticeably curved tail, traits resulting from genetic abnormalities rather than environmental factors.
Whether you have a standard-sized, a “mini,” or a “dwarf” axolotl, the fundamental requirements for their housing remain consistent.
Tank Size is Crucial
When it comes to axolotl tanks, bigger is always better. A minimum tank size of 110 liters (29 gallons) is recommended for a single axolotl, taking into account both water volume and sufficient floor space. However, a 180 liter (40 gallon breeder) tank is significantly more suitable and highly recommended as a minimum.
Axolotls are known for their heavy bioload, meaning they produce a substantial amount of waste. This waste rapidly increases nitrate levels in the aquarium water. Maintaining nitrate levels below 20 ppm through regular partial water changes is crucial to prevent stress and maintain a healthy environment for your axolotl. Larger water volumes naturally dilute nitrates more effectively, making it easier to maintain stable and safe water parameters.
Consider the tank’s dimensions as well. Axolotls are bottom-dwellers and appreciate floor space more than water depth. Therefore, a longer and wider tank is preferable to a tall and narrow one.
Additionally, axolotls are known to occasionally jump. To prevent accidental escapes, ensure the water level is a few inches below the tank rim or use a secure lid. If using fans for cooling, opt for a breathable lid like egg crate to allow for air circulation while preventing jumps. Avoid mesh reptile lids as they can rust and contaminate the water.
Substrate Selection
Choosing the right substrate is vital for axolotl safety. Axolotls are prone to ingesting substrate while feeding, which poses an impaction risk, especially with loose substrates. Avoid gravel, small rocks, and decorations smaller than your axolotl’s head to minimize this risk.
Fine sand with a grain size of less than 1 mm is generally considered the safest loose substrate for axolotls. Larger axolotls can usually pass fine sand without issues. However, it is crucial to wait until your axolotl is at least 15 cm (6 inches) long before introducing a sand substrate, as younger axolotls may still struggle to pass even fine sand.
Alternative substrate options include bare-bottom tanks or using large, smooth rocks significantly bigger than your axolotl’s head. Bare-bottom tanks are easy to clean but may lack grip for your axolotl. Untreated tiles can be used to enhance the aesthetics of a bare-bottom setup.
Creating a Suitable Habitat
Enriching your axolotl’s environment is crucial for their well-being. Providing ample hiding spots within the tank can significantly contribute to their comfort and reduce stress. Caves, artificial plants, and driftwood can all serve as excellent hiding places. Some axolotls may even enjoy interacting with the gentle bubbles from air stones, adding a touch of visual stimulation to their environment. Regularly rearranging tank decorations offers novelty and encourages exploration.
Live plants can be a beautiful addition to an axolotl tank. However, remember that axolotls are sensitive to bright light as they lack eyelids. Opt for hardy, low-light, cold-water plants such as Anubias, Elodea, Java Fern, and Java Moss. Marimo algae balls are another low-maintenance option.
When incorporating aquatic plants, avoid using fertilizers. The plant species suitable for axolotl tanks generally do not require fertilization. Furthermore, it’s best to minimize introducing chemicals into an amphibian tank as their permeable skin is more absorbent than that of fish.
By focusing on appropriate tank size, substrate selection, and habitat enrichment, you can create a thriving and healthy environment for your axolotl, regardless of its size variation.
