Dealing with a sick child is always stressful for parents, and when a fever is involved, concerns can quickly escalate. Understanding what a fever means, how to properly take your child’s temperature, and when to seek medical advice is crucial for every parent. This guide, tailored for Fargo parents and beyond, provides essential information and expert advice to help you confidently navigate children’s fevers.
It’s important to remember that a fever is not the enemy. In fact, it’s a sign that your child’s body is actively fighting off an infection. When your child’s temperature rises, it’s the body’s natural defense mechanism kicking in, stimulating the immune system to combat viruses or bacteria. White blood cells and other immune cells become more active at higher temperatures, working to restore your child’s health.
To provide expert guidance for parents, we consulted with Dr. Brandon Meyer, a pediatrician at Sanford Health in Fargo, North Dakota. With extensive experience in treating sick children daily, Dr. Meyer offers valuable insights into understanding and managing fevers in children.
Understanding Fever and When to Take Action
A fever is officially defined as a temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher. However, how you respond to your child’s fever should depend on several factors, primarily their age and overall behavior.
For infants under 3 months old, a fever is considered a medical emergency unless your pediatrician has given you specific alternative instructions. If a baby in this age group develops a fever, immediate medical attention is essential.
For children older than 3 months, the approach is more nuanced. Dr. Meyer emphasizes observing your child’s overall condition, not just the number on the thermometer.
“Not every fever requires medication,” explains Dr. Meyer. “Conversely, even if a child doesn’t technically have a fever – say their temperature is 99°F – but they seem very uncomfortable, treatment might be necessary. It’s really about assessing the child. If they appear well and are behaving normally, they are likely fine. However, if your child is unusually fussy or distressed, even with a low-grade fever, consider using fever-reducing medication.”
Accurately Measuring Your Child’s Temperature
Using a digital thermometer is the most reliable way to check your child’s temperature. Mercury thermometers are outdated and no longer recommended due to safety concerns. There are several types of digital thermometers suitable for babies and children:
- Rectal Thermometers: Considered the most accurate method, especially for infants. Digital rectal thermometers are designed for safe and gentle insertion. Despite parental concerns about incorrect use, the risk of injury is minimal when using a thermometer specifically designed for rectal temperature taking.
- Axillary (Armpit) Thermometers: Digital thermometers can be used under the armpit. For best results, use a disk-shaped thermometer for comfort and ensure the entire disk is covered when the arm is held against the chest. Make sure there is direct skin contact with the thermometer, free from clothing interference.
- Tympanic (Ear) Thermometers: These thermometers measure temperature inside the ear canal. Accurate readings require aiming the thermometer towards the eardrum. Earwax buildup can interfere with accuracy. Ear thermometers are generally not recommended for newborns and infants under 6 months due to potential inaccuracies in this age group.
- Temporal Artery (Forehead) Thermometers: Forehead thermometers are convenient and less invasive, especially for newborns. However, external factors like sunlight, sweating, or cold temperatures can affect their accuracy.
- Oral Thermometers: Any digital thermometer can be used orally, but this method is best suited for children aged 4 and older who can reliably hold the thermometer under their tongue and keep their mouth closed. Place the thermometer tip under the tongue and instruct your child to close their lips gently but firmly around it.
Always carefully read and follow the manufacturer’s instructions for any digital thermometer to ensure accurate temperature readings.
Safe and Effective Fever Management at Home
For children 6 months and older, Dr. Meyer recommends using children’s formulations of acetaminophen (Tylenol) and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), typically available in liquid form for easier dosing.
“Both acetaminophen and ibuprofen are safe and effective for fever reduction in children older than 6 months, unless there are specific medical reasons to avoid them,” Dr. Meyer advises. “For infants between 3 to 6 months old, acetaminophen (Tylenol) is generally the only recommended fever reducer. Always consult with your pediatrician for guidance on medication and dosage, especially for younger infants.”
Besides medication, simple home care measures can help make your child more comfortable when they have a fever. Applying a cool, damp cloth to their forehead or giving them a lukewarm bath can provide relief.
“While these methods might not significantly lower the actual body temperature, they can help alleviate discomfort,” Dr. Meyer notes. “Ultimately, the goal is to make your child feel better. However, be mindful that fever can sometimes cause chills. If your child is experiencing chills, they might not appreciate cold compresses or baths. If your child is old enough to communicate, offer these options and respect their preferences if they change their mind, as their sensation of hot or cold may fluctuate with the fever.”
When to Be Concerned About a High Fever
While fever itself is a normal response, extremely high temperatures warrant prompt medical attention.
“If your child’s temperature reaches 105°F (40.5°C) or 106°F (41.1°C), they should be medically evaluated,” Dr. Meyer emphasizes. “This is particularly important if your child is also exhibiting lethargy, dehydration, or other concerning symptoms. Extremely high fever could indicate serious conditions like heatstroke. In such cases, the fever is just one symptom among others that require urgent assessment. Even at 105°F, it’s crucial to be highly alert and seek medical advice.”
Risks of Untreated Fever and When to Seek Medical Help
Most fevers in children resolve on their own within a few days. However, for infants younger than 3 months, a fever can be a critical indicator of a serious underlying condition.
“In very young babies, fever might be the sole sign of a severe bacterial infection like sepsis,” Dr. Meyer cautions. “Therefore, we strongly recommend immediate medical evaluation for infants under 3 months who have not yet received their initial vaccinations and develop a temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher.”
For older children, fever is often accompanied by other recognizable symptoms of illness, such as cough, stomachache, or vomiting.
“Fevers in children older than 3 months are usually self-limiting and part of a common viral illness,” Dr. Meyer reassures. “While you shouldn’t completely ignore a fever, it’s advisable to observe your child patiently and watch for additional symptoms that might help determine if medical attention is needed. If the fever persists for more than a few days, or if you are concerned about your child’s condition at any point, do not hesitate to contact your pediatrician.”
Key Takeaways for Parents on Managing Fevers
“For the vast majority of children, fevers are signs of an underlying illness, but are not inherently dangerous,” Dr. Meyer summarizes. “While rare complications like febrile seizures can occur with high fevers, these are generally manageable and not indicative of a serious long-term problem. If your child experiences a febrile seizure, it’s important to seek medical evaluation that day.”
Febrile seizures, also known as fever fits or febrile convulsions, are relatively common in young children, affecting up to 5% of kids. Although they can be frightening for parents to witness, they are usually not harmful and children typically recover fully.
“Overall, remember that fever is a sign that your child’s immune system is working effectively,” Dr. Meyer concludes. “Don’t be afraid of fevers in general, especially in children older than 3 months. If a fever lasts for more than four or five days, or if you have any concerns about your child’s health, it’s always wise to seek medical advice. Most childhood fevers are caused by mild infections that will resolve naturally.”
Disclaimer: This article provides general information and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult with your pediatrician or healthcare provider for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your child’s health and treatment.
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Posted In Children’s Health, Family Wellness, Fargo Area Health Resources.
By Mick Garry, Sanford Health Marketing Content Writer.
Note: This article is for informational purposes and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional for any health concerns.
