A router is an invaluable tool in any woodworking shop, capable of performing tasks quickly and efficiently. Mastering the art of template routing unlocks the true potential of your router, enabling you to create perfect duplicates or mating parts for any project. This guide will explore everything you need to know about creating and using router template guides.
The concept of template routing may already be familiar if you’ve used a dovetail jig. With a router equipped with a guide bushing, you can follow the contours of a dovetail template to cut precisely spaced, tight-fitting dovetails in a matter of minutes. This same principle can be extended to a wide range of applications, including creating matching inlays, intricate pieces, and seamless joints. Once you understand how to craft your own templates and select the appropriate router bit for each task, the possibilities are endless.
Selecting the Right Router Bit
Chances are, you already own one of the most common bits for template routing: the flush trim bit. As shown above, these bits are ideal for templates positioned beneath the workpiece. The bearing at the tip follows the template’s edge, ensuring the edge of the workpiece is flush and perfectly matched.
This setup also works well with a router table, allowing you to position the template above the workpiece. Routing matching top rails for “tombstone” cabinet doors is a great example of this.
In situations where you need to attach the template to the top of the workpiece when using a handheld router, you have a couple of options. I generally opt for a pattern bit.
Often confused with flush trim bits, pattern bits have the bearing on the shank of the bit instead of the tip. This allows you to secure the template to the top of the workpiece and clamp them both down for routing. Pattern bits aren’t limited to straight cutters, either. A bowl-routing bit, for example, is simply a different profile with a bearing on the shank for following a template.
Guide Bushings: An Alternative Approach
Another method for routing a pattern from above the workpiece involves using a guide bushing. This bushing attaches to the router’s baseplate and follows the template. Bushings are available in various diameters, allowing you to use them with different router bits.
The key to using guide bushings is understanding that they create an offset between the template and the workpiece. Therefore, you need to account for the distance from the edge of the bushing to the cutting edge of the bit when designing your template.
Making Your Own Templates: A Step-by-Step Guide
While commercially made templates are available for many tasks, creating your own saves money and allows you to tailor them to your specific project needs. It’s a relatively easy skill to learn.
Choosing the Right Material
Templates can be made from various materials. Medium-density fiberboard (MDF) is a readily available and often the best choice.
MDF’s appeal lies in its flatness and ease of shaping with files and sandpaper. The template used for creating curved rails for cabinet doors is a great example. To make it, simply lay out the curve with a compass, cut out the shape with a bandsaw, and then smooth the curve using a file and a shop-made sanding strip.
Other Template Material Options
Hardboard is another common choice. Occasionally, acrylic is used, particularly when visibility of the workpiece is needed to align the template with the wood grain.
Templates can also be as simple as small pieces of hardwood joined with pocket screws. This technique is perfect for rectangular shapes. Simply assemble the pieces to form a template with the desired inside dimensions and fasten them together.
With a bit of creativity, you can create templates for nearly any shape required for your woodworking projects. Learning to make and use templates with your router will guarantee professional-quality results every time.
Bonus: Router Inlay Kit
Adding a decorative inlay made from contrasting woods is a fantastic way to enhance any project. A specialized guide bushing with a removable sleeve makes this process simple. By using the same template, you can cut both the recess and the inlay piece.
Routing the Recess
Start by positioning the template on the workpiece and securing it with double-sided tape. Then, with the sleeve installed on the bushing, route the outline of the recess and remove the waste material, following the template carefully. Use a chisel to square up the corners if needed.
Creating the Inlay
Next, attach the template to the stock you’ve chosen for the inlay. Remove the sleeve from the bushing and rout the outline of the inlay. Lift the router, and then free the inlay from the board by resawing it with a bandsaw. With a little practice, you’ll be creating perfectly fitting inlays in no time.
Conclusion
Mastering the art of creating and utilizing router template guides is an essential skill for any woodworker. By understanding the different types of router bits, exploring the potential of guide bushings, and learning how to craft your own templates, you can elevate your woodworking projects to new heights. Experiment with different materials and techniques, and you’ll soon be creating intricate designs and perfect duplicates with ease and precision. Embrace the power of template routing and unlock the full potential of your router.
