Derivative classification is a critical process for safeguarding sensitive information when creating new documents based on existing classified sources. It ensures that new materials are marked consistently with the original classification, maintaining the integrity of national security information. This process relies heavily on authorized sources, primarily the Security Classification Guide (SCG). To understand how this works in practice, let’s explore the role of SCGs and consider a specific example involving “Cpl Rice,” as outlined in a security classification guide.
What is Derivative Classification?
Derivative classification is the act of incorporating, paraphrasing, restating, or generating classified information that is already classified into new documents or materials. Essentially, it’s using existing classified information to create something new, while ensuring the new material is classified appropriately. This is a fundamental aspect of information security, as it prevents the inadvertent disclosure of sensitive data during the document creation process.
The primary goal of derivative classification is to maintain the original classification decisions. This means that when new documents are created using classified source material, the derivative classifier must accurately apply the same level of protection and markings as the original source. This ensures consistency and prevents the downgrading or declassification of information without proper authorization.
The Security Classification Guide (SCG) as the Primary Source
The Security Classification Guide (SCG) is the cornerstone of derivative classification. It serves as the authorized source of classification guidance that derivative classifiers must use. An SCG is a document that provides detailed instructions on how to classify information related to a specific program, project, mission, or system. It outlines what information is classified, at what level (Confidential, Secret, Top Secret), and for how long.
Using only authorized sources like the SCG is paramount because it guarantees that the original classification decisions are upheld. These guides are meticulously developed by original classification authorities who possess the expertise and authority to determine the sensitivity of information. By adhering to the SCG, derivative classifiers ensure they are not making independent classification judgments, but rather applying pre-determined rules established by those with original classification authority.
Cpl Rice Example: Applying the SCG in Practice
Let’s consider a practical example of how an SCG guides derivative classification, focusing on the scenario mentioning “Cpl Rice.” Imagine a Security Classification Guide (SCG) that states the following:
- (C) Cpl Rice and Sgt Davis are attending the joint exercise. (Confidential information regarding personnel involved in the exercise)
- (U) The exercise begins 1 May. (Unclassified information about the start date)
- (C) The name of the exercise is Jagged Edge. (Confidential information about the exercise name)
- (S) The compilation of attendees and the name of the exercise. (Secret – The combination of attendee information with the exercise name elevates the classification)
Now, a new document is being created that states:
(C) Cpl Rice and Sgt Davis will both be attending the Jagged Edge exercise.
While individually, the names of attendees and the exercise name might be Confidential, the SCG explicitly states that the compilation of attendees and the exercise name is classified as SECRET. However, in this new document example, it’s marked Confidential. This highlights a potential error, or perhaps the example is designed to test understanding.
According to the SCG guidance provided, combining “Cpl Rice and Sgt Davis” (attendees) with “Jagged Edge exercise” (exercise name) should actually lead to a SECRET classification due to “Classification by Compilation.” This concept means that when unclassified or lower-classified elements are combined, the resulting information can reach a higher classification level because the combination reveals a new or additional sensitivity.
In this Cpl Rice example, the derivative classifier must carefully analyze the SCG and understand the principle of “Classification by Compilation.” Simply looking at the individual pieces of information might lead to a Confidential classification. However, by correctly applying the SCG guidance, especially the rule about compilation, the classifier would realize that the statement about Cpl Rice and Sgt Davis attending the Jagged Edge exercise should be classified as SECRET, not Confidential, to accurately reflect the sensitivity defined in the SCG.
Key Principles in Derivative Classification
Beyond understanding SCGs and examples like the one involving Cpl Rice, several core principles are crucial for effective derivative classification:
- Accuracy is paramount: Derivative classifiers bear the primary responsibility for the accuracy of classification in new products. Mistakes can lead to both over-classification (hindering information sharing) and under-classification (compromising national security).
- Analyze Material Carefully: It’s essential to thoroughly analyze the material being classified and compare it against the SCG. This involves understanding the nuances of the guidance and applying it correctly to the new context.
- Understand Classification Concepts: Concepts like “Contained In” and “Classification by Compilation” are fundamental. “Contained In” applies when information is directly extracted verbatim from a source document. “Classification by Compilation,” as seen in the Cpl Rice example, involves understanding how combining pieces of information can increase sensitivity.
- Authorized Sources Only: Always rely exclusively on authorized sources of classification guidance, primarily the SCG, to maintain the integrity of original classification decisions.
Conclusion
Derivative classification, guided by Security Classification Guides, is indispensable for protecting classified information in a dynamic environment where new documents are constantly being created. The example of “Cpl Rice” attending the “Jagged Edge” exercise underscores the importance of not only understanding individual classification markings but also grasping more complex concepts like “Classification by Compilation” as defined within the SCG. By diligently using SCGs and adhering to the principles of derivative classification, professionals can effectively safeguard sensitive information and contribute to national security.
