When I Was Puerto Rican: A Memoir by Esmeralda Santiago offers a compelling look into the author’s childhood in Puerto Rico and her subsequent journey to America. This study guide will explore the key themes, characters, and literary devices found within the memoir, focusing on the central question of identity and the pursuit of the American Dream.
The memoir details Santiago’s experiences growing up in rural Puerto Rico, depicting both the beauty of the island and the hardships of poverty. We are introduced to Negi, Esmeralda’s nickname, and witness her navigating the complexities of her identity. Is she Black or White? Rural or urban? Puerto Rican or American? This internal conflict is amplified when her mother, Mami, moves the family to New York City.
In Brooklyn, Esmeralda faces new challenges, including adapting to new social norms, learning a new language, and forging a new identity. The memoir chronicles her coming-of-age, tracing her path from navigating welfare offices with her mother to achieving academic success at Harvard University.
Key Themes and Analysis
This memoir provides a powerful lens through which to examine the concept of the American Dream. Santiago’s experiences as a Puerto Rican immigrant raise critical questions about access to opportunity and the sacrifices one might make to achieve success.
- Identity: Esmeralda’s struggle to define her identity is a central theme. The book invites us to consider the multifaceted nature of identity and the impact of cultural displacement. The title itself, When I Was Puerto Rican, suggests a sense of detachment from her cultural heritage.
- The American Dream: Did Esmeralda achieve the American Dream? The memoir explores the complexities of this ideal, questioning whether success requires assimilation and the abandonment of one’s cultural roots. Students can analyze Esmeralda’s journey and debate the true meaning of the American Dream.
- Cultural Conflict: The memoir highlights the cultural clashes experienced by Puerto Ricans in America. Students can explore the challenges of navigating two cultures and the impact of prejudice and discrimination.
- Gender Roles: The book provides insights into gender norms in Puerto Rican culture. Students can analyze how these norms shaped Esmeralda’s experiences and her evolving understanding of herself.
- Coming-of-Age: When I Was Puerto Rican is a coming-of-age story that explores themes of self-discovery, family relationships, and the challenges of adolescence. Students can relate to Esmeralda’s struggles and triumphs as she navigates her journey to adulthood.
Literary Devices
Santiago’s writing is rich with figurative language and symbolism, enhancing the emotional impact of her story.
- Figurative Language: Pay close attention to Santiago’s use of similes, metaphors, and imagery. Analyze how these devices contribute to the book’s overall tone and meaning.
- Symbolism: Identify and interpret the symbols used throughout the memoir. For example, consider the significance of food, clothing, and places in representing cultural identity and the longing for home.
- Point of View: The memoir is told from Esmeralda’s perspective. Analyze how her point of view shapes our understanding of the events and characters.
- Tone and Mood: Consider the overall tone and mood of the memoir. How does Santiago’s writing style evoke emotions and create a sense of place?
- Conflict: Identify the internal and external conflicts that Esmeralda faces throughout the story. How do these conflicts contribute to her personal growth and development?
Discussion Questions
Use these questions to guide your reading and discussion of When I Was Puerto Rican:
- How does Esmeralda’s childhood in Puerto Rico shape her identity?
- What are the challenges she faces when she moves to New York City?
- What does the American Dream mean to Esmeralda? Does she achieve it?
- How does the memoir explore the themes of cultural identity and assimilation?
- What role does family play in Esmeralda’s life?
- How does Santiago use language and imagery to create a vivid sense of place?
- What is the significance of the book’s title, When I Was Puerto Rican?
Further Exploration
- Research the history of Puerto Rico and its relationship with the United States.
- Explore the experiences of other Puerto Rican immigrants in America.
- Read other memoirs and novels that explore themes of identity and cultural displacement.
- Consider the challenges faced by immigrants from other countries in their pursuit of the American Dream.
Conclusion
When I Was Puerto Rican is a powerful and moving memoir that offers valuable insights into the complexities of identity, culture, and the American Dream. By exploring the themes, characters, and literary devices within the book, readers can gain a deeper understanding of the Puerto Rican experience and the challenges faced by immigrants in America. The book prompts us to reflect on our own identities and the meaning of success in a diverse and ever-changing world. Through Esmeralda’s journey, we question whether achieving the American Dream necessitates sacrificing one’s cultural heritage and whether true success lies in embracing one’s multifaceted identity.
This study guide is designed to enhance your understanding and appreciation of When I Was Puerto Rican. Use it as a tool to explore the book’s rich themes and engage in meaningful discussions about identity, culture, and the pursuit of the American Dream.
